Textbook lessons covered MCQs Quiz | Class 10

Further Learning: Mastering Japanese Lessons 13-20 & N5 Kanji

This section provides a deeper dive into the topics covered in the quiz, focusing on key grammar patterns from Minna no Nihongo Lessons 13-20 and essential N5 Kanji from 51-100. Consistent practice with these foundational elements is crucial for building a strong base in Japanese.

Minna no Nihongo Lessons 13-20: Essential Grammar Review

These lessons introduce critical verb conjugations and sentence structures that allow for more complex and natural communication in Japanese. Understanding the nuanced uses of the ‘te-form’ and various particles is key.

• Lesson 13: Expressing Desire and Purpose
  • ~たいです (~tai desu): Expresses wanting to do something. Example: 寿司が食べたいです (Sushi ga tabetai desu – I want to eat sushi).
  • ~に 行きます/来ます/帰ります (~ni ikimasu/kimasu/kaerimasu): Indicates the purpose of going, coming, or returning. Example: 買い物に行きます (Kaimono ni ikimasu – I go shopping).
• Lesson 14: Actions in Progress and States
  • ~ています (~te imasu): Signifies an ongoing action (e.g., 勉強しています – Benkyou shite imasu – I am studying) or a continuous state (e.g., 結婚しています – Kekkon shite imasu – I am married).
• Lesson 15: Permission and Prohibition
  • ~てもいいです (~te mo ii desu): Grants permission, ‘May I / You may’. Example: 入ってもいいです (Haitte mo ii desu – You may enter).
  • ~てはいけません (~te wa ikemasen): Expresses prohibition, ‘Must not / You must not’. Example: ここで写真を撮ってはいけません (Koko de shashin o totte wa ikemasen – You must not take pictures here).
• Lesson 16: Requests and Instructions
  • ~てください (~te kudasai): A polite request, ‘Please do’. Example: 漢字を書いてください (Kanji o kaite kudasai – Please write the kanji).
• Lesson 17: Negative Requests and Obligation
  • ~ないでください (~nai de kudasai): A polite negative request, ‘Please don’t do’. Example: 遅れないでください (Okurenaide kudasai – Please don’t be late).
  • ~なければなりません (~nakereba narimasen): Expresses obligation, ‘Must do / Have to do’. Example: 宿題をしなければなりません (Shukudai o shinakereba narimasen – I must do my homework).
• Lesson 18: Ability and Sequence
  • ~ことができます (~koto ga dekimasu): Expresses ability to do something, ‘Can do’. Example: 英語を話すことができます (Eigo o hanasu koto ga dekimasu – I can speak English).
  • ~前に (~mae ni): Means ‘before’. Example: 寝る前に歯を磨きます (Neru mae ni ha o migakimasu – I brush my teeth before sleeping).
• Lesson 19: Listing Actions and Changes
  • ~たり~たりします (~tari ~tari shimasu): Lists several representative actions, implying ‘do things like A and B’. Example: 週末は本を読んだり、映画を見たりします (Shuumatsu wa hon o yondari, eiga o mitari shimasu – On weekends, I do things like read books and watch movies).
  • ~になります (~ni narimasu): Expresses becoming or changing into something. Example: 寒くなりました (Samuku narimashita – It became cold).
• Lesson 20: Expressing ‘When’ and Concurrent Actions
  • ~とき (~toki): Means ‘when’ or ‘at the time of’. The verb preceding ‘toki’ is in plain form. Example: 子供のとき、よく遊びました (Kodomo no toki, yoku asobimashita – When I was a child, I played a lot).
  • ~ながら (~nagara): Expresses doing two actions simultaneously, ‘while’. Example: 音楽を聴きながら勉強します (Ongaku o kikinagara benkyou shimasu – I study while listening to music).

N5 Kanji (51-100) Focus: Expanding Your Vocabulary

Kanji are integral to reading and writing Japanese. Lessons 13-20 introduce many new words, often written with Kanji. Focusing on the N5 Kanji range from 51-100 helps solidify your understanding of basic characters related to daily life, nature, and simple actions. Remember to practice stroke order and common readings (on’yomi and kun’yomi).

Quick Revision Tips

• Regularly review verb conjugations, especially the ‘te-form’ and plain forms.
• Practice writing Kanji multiple times to memorize stroke order and recall.
• Create flashcards for new vocabulary and Kanji introduced in these lessons.
• Try to form your own sentences using the new grammar patterns to solidify understanding.
• Listen to Japanese audio (songs, simple dialogues) to familiarize yourself with pronunciation and rhythm.

Practice Questions

Test your understanding further with these additional questions. Answers are not provided here, encouraging you to refer back to your textbook or notes for verification.

1. Which particle is used with ‘ni ikimasu’ to indicate the purpose of movement?
   1. を (o)
   2. に (ni)
   3. で (de)
   4. へ (e)
2. The ‘te-form’ of the verb 買います (kaimasu – to buy) is:
   1. 買います (kaimasu)
   2. 買って (katte)
   3. 買いません (kaimasen)
   4. 買いたい (kaitai)
3. Which Kanji means ‘mountain’?
   1. 川 (kawa)
   2. 田 (ta)
   3. 山 (yama)
   4. 森 (mori)
4. To say ‘I must study’, you would use:
   1. 勉強します (benkyou shimasu)
   2. 勉強したいです (benkyou shitai desu)
   3. 勉強しなければなりません (benkyou shinakereba narimasen)
   4. 勉強してもいいです (benkyou shite mo ii desu)
5. What is the plain negative form of ‘行きます (ikimasu – to go)’?
   1. 行く (iku)
   2. 行かない (ikanai)
   3. 行った (itta)
   4. 行きます (ikimasu)