Reproduction in Animals: Sexual MCQs Quiz | Class 10
This quiz covers Class X Science (Code 086), Unit II: World of Living, focusing on Reproduction in Animals: Sexual MCQs. It includes basic concepts and an overview of male and female reproductive systems. Attempt all 10 multiple-choice questions, submit your answers, and download a detailed PDF review of your performance.
Understanding Reproduction in Animals
Reproduction is a fundamental biological process by which new individual organisms – “offspring” – are produced from their “parents”. It is essential for the continuation of a species. In animals, reproduction can broadly be classified into two types: asexual and sexual reproduction. This section focuses on sexual reproduction in animals.
Sexual Reproduction: The Basics
Sexual reproduction involves two parents, a male and a female, who produce specialized reproductive cells called gametes. The fusion of a male gamete (sperm) and a female gamete (egg or ovum) is known as fertilization. This fusion results in the formation of a single cell called a zygote, which then develops into an embryo and eventually into a new individual.
- Gametes: The haploid reproductive cells (sperm in males, egg in females).
- Fertilization: The process of fusion of male and female gametes.
- Zygote: The diploid cell formed after fertilization.
- Embryo: The developing structure formed from the zygote, undergoing cell division and differentiation.
Types of Fertilization
Fertilization can occur either inside or outside the female’s body:
| Feature | Internal Fertilization | External Fertilization |
|---|---|---|
| Location | Inside the female body | Outside the female body, usually in water |
| Examples | Humans, cows, hens, dogs | Fish, frogs, starfish |
| Survival Rate | Higher chance of survival for zygote/embryo | Lower chance of survival due to environmental risks |
Male Reproductive System (Basic Overview)
The male reproductive system is responsible for producing male gametes (sperm) and delivering them for fertilization.
- Testes: These are the primary reproductive organs in males. They produce sperm and male hormones.
- Sperm Ducts (Vas deferens): Tubes that carry sperm from the testes to the urethra.
- Penis: The external organ involved in transferring sperm into the female reproductive tract during mating.
Female Reproductive System (Basic Overview)
The female reproductive system is responsible for producing female gametes (eggs), receiving sperm, providing a site for fertilization, and nurturing the developing embryo.
- Ovaries: The primary reproductive organs in females. They produce eggs (ova) and female hormones.
- Oviducts (Fallopian Tubes): Tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus. Fertilization usually occurs here.
- Uterus: A muscular, pear-shaped organ where the fertilized egg (zygote) implants and develops into an embryo and fetus.
- Vagina: The muscular canal connecting the uterus to the outside of the body, receiving sperm during mating.
Development of Embryo and Life Cycles
After fertilization, the zygote repeatedly divides to form a ball of cells, which then develops into an embryo. The embryo implants in the uterus wall (in internal fertilization) and continues to grow and differentiate. Animals can be:
- Viviparous Animals: Animals that give birth to young ones that are fully developed inside the mother’s body. Examples: humans, cows, dogs.
- Oviparous Animals: Animals that lay eggs, and the development of the embryo occurs outside the mother’s body within the egg. Examples: hens, frogs, fish.
Some animals undergo metamorphosis, a biological process involving distinct developmental stages. For example, a frog egg hatches into a tadpole, which then transforms into an adult frog.
Quick Revision Points
- Sexual reproduction involves fusion of male (sperm) and female (egg) gametes.
- Fertilization can be internal (inside female body) or external (outside).
- Male system includes testes (sperm production), sperm ducts, penis.
- Female system includes ovaries (egg production), oviducts (site of fertilization), uterus (embryo development), vagina.
- Zygote forms from fertilization, develops into an embryo.
- Viviparous animals give birth to live young; oviparous animals lay eggs.
- Metamorphosis is a significant transformation in some life cycles (e.g., frog).
Practice Questions
- Which of the following is the male gamete?
a) Ovum b) Zygote c) Sperm d) Embryo - In which part of the female reproductive system does fertilization typically occur?
a) Uterus b) Ovary c) Oviduct d) Vagina - Animals that lay eggs are called:
a) Viviparous b) Oviparous c) Mammals d) Amphibians - The fusion of a sperm and an egg is called:
a) Reproduction b) Gestation c) Fertilization d) Ovulation - Which of these animals undergoes external fertilization?
a) Human b) Hen c) Frog d) Cow
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