Major Crops MCQs Quiz | Class 10
This quiz for Class X Geography, Unit Agriculture, covers the Topic Major Crops MCQs Quiz | Class 10. You will find questions on rice, wheat, cotton, and sugarcane. Complete the quiz and submit your answers, then download a PDF of your results.
Understanding Major Crops: Rice, Wheat, Cotton, and Sugarcane
Agriculture is the backbone of India’s economy, with a significant portion of its population engaged in farming. Understanding the major crops—rice, wheat, cotton, and sugarcane—is crucial as they form the staple diet, provide raw materials for industries, and contribute significantly to agricultural output. This section delves into the characteristics and importance of these key crops.
1. Rice (Paddy)
Rice is a staple food crop for a majority of the Indian population. It is a Kharif crop which requires high temperature (above 25 degrees Celsius) and high humidity with annual rainfall above 100 cm. In areas with less rainfall, it grows with the help of irrigation. Major rice-producing states are West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, and Andhra Pradesh.
2. Wheat
Wheat is the second most important cereal crop in India. It is a Rabi crop, requiring cool growing season and bright sunshine at the time of ripening. It needs 50 to 75 cm of annual rainfall evenly distributed over the growing season. The major wheat-producing states are Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Madhya Pradesh.
3. Cotton
Cotton is a Kharif crop and one of the main raw materials for the cotton textile industry. It requires high temperature, light rainfall or irrigation, 210 frost-free days, and bright sunshine for its growth. It grows best in black soils of the Deccan Plateau. Major cotton-producing states are Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh.
4. Sugarcane
Sugarcane is a tropical as well as a sub-tropical crop. It grows well in hot and humid climate with a temperature between 21 degrees Celsius and 27 degrees Celsius and an annual rainfall between 75 cm and 100 cm. It requires manual labor from sowing to harvesting. India is the second-largest producer of sugarcane after Brazil. Major producing states are Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Bihar, Punjab, and Haryana.
Key Characteristics of Major Crops
| Crop | Type | Climate | Soil | Top Producers (India) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rice | Kharif | Hot and humid (25+ C, 100+ cm rain) | Alluvial, clayey | West Bengal, UP, Punjab |
| Wheat | Rabi | Cool growing, bright sun (50-75 cm rain) | Fertile loamy, black soil | UP, Punjab, Haryana |
| Cotton | Kharif | Hot, dry conditions, frost-free (light rain) | Black soil | Maharashtra, Gujarat, MP |
| Sugarcane | Kharif | Hot and humid (21-27 C, 75-100 cm rain) | Fertile, well-drained | UP, Maharashtra, Karnataka |
Quick Revision Points
- Kharif Crops: Rice, Cotton, Sugarcane (Sown with monsoon, harvested post-monsoon).
- Rabi Crops: Wheat (Sown in winter, harvested in spring).
- Green Revolution: Primarily boosted wheat and rice production.
- Black Soil: Ideal for cotton cultivation.
- Sugarcane: Used to produce sugar, jaggery (gur), khandsari, and molasses.
Practice More (5 Extra Questions)
- Which agricultural season in India typically starts with the onset of the monsoon?
- What is the primary characteristic of the climate required for rice cultivation?
- Name two states known for significant sugarcane production.
- Besides textiles, what other industry heavily relies on cotton as a raw material?
- Which crop is harvested in April-May and requires a cool growing season?
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