Varnams in Two Speeds MCQs Quiz | Class 9

This quiz for Class IX Carnatic Music (Vocal) (Code 031), Practical Unit IV, covers the topic of Rendering varnams in two degrees of speed. Test your understanding of rhythm, speed (Kala), and structure before submitting to download your PDF answer key.

Understanding Varnams in Two Speeds

The practice of rendering Varnams in multiple speeds is a cornerstone of Carnatic music training. It serves as the bridge between learning basic exercises (Abhyasa Gana) and performing concert-level compositions (Sabha Gana). For Class IX students, mastering the rendering of Varnams in two degrees of speed is essential for developing strict adherence to rhythm (Laya) and breath control.

1. The Concept of Kala (Speed)

In Carnatic music, Kala refers to the degree of speed relative to the beat (Tala). The Tala cycle remains constant while the density of notes changes.

  • Prathama Kala (First Speed): Typically involves singing one note (swara) per beat or unit of the Tala. This establishes the foundational melody and lyrical clarity.
  • Dvitiya Kala (Second Speed): Involves singing two notes per beat. The duration of the melody line effectively halves relative to the Tala cycle, or the number of notes doubles within the same Tala duration.

2. Structure of a Varnam

A Varnam is divided into two main sections:

Section Parts Included
Purvanga (First Half) Pallavi, Anupallavi, Muktayi Swaram
Uttaranga (Second Half) Charanam, Chittaswarams (Charana Swaras)

3. Benefits of Two-Speed Practice

Practicing in two degrees of speed offers several technical benefits:

  • Laya Shuddhi: It ensures the singer maintains a steady rhythm without rushing or dragging.
  • Voice Culture: It improves flexibility and the ability to articulate notes rapidly.
  • Gamaka Precision: It helps in understanding how oscillations (gamakas) fit within different time frames.

4. Quick Revision Points

  • Varnams are the most important form in Abhyasa Gana.
  • The transition from first to second speed must be smooth, without altering the tempo of the Talam.
  • Usually, the Pallavi, Anupallavi, and Muktayi Swaram are repeated in the second speed during practice.
  • The Adi Tala Varnams are the most common starting point for beginners.

5. Extra Practice Questions

  1. Which component comes immediately after the Pallavi? (Ans: Anupallavi)
  2. What is the literal meaning of ‘Varnam’? (Ans: Description or Colour)
  3. In which speed is the Sahitya (lyrics) usually most clear? (Ans: First speed)
  4. True or False: The Tala speed increases when singing in Dvitiya Kala. (Ans: False, Tala remains constant)
  5. What is the collective name for the swaras sung after the Charanam? (Ans: Chittaswarams)