Adjective + て/で, and Vてから MCQs Quiz | Class 10

This quiz covers key grammar points for Class X Japanese, focusing on Unit Part A: Grammar (20). You will be tested on ‘Adjective + て/で’ (けいようしーくて/で) and ‘Vてから’ structures, which account for 4 marks in your curriculum. After attempting all 10 multiple-choice questions, submit your answers to see your score and review correct solutions. You can also download a personalized PDF answer sheet for future reference.

Adjective + て/で, and Vてから: Grammar Deep Dive

This section provides a detailed explanation of two essential Japanese grammar patterns: connecting adjectives using て/で form and expressing sequential actions with Vてから. Mastering these will significantly enhance your ability to construct more complex and natural-sounding sentences in Japanese.

1. けいようしーくて/で (Adjective + て/で Form)

The て/で form for adjectives is used to connect two or more adjectives, or an adjective and a verb/noun, to describe multiple characteristics, give a reason, or set a condition. It acts similarly to “and” or “because” in English when linking descriptive phrases.

い形容詞 (I-adjectives): 語幹 + くて

For i-adjectives, you drop the final 「い」 and add 「くて」. This form connects adjectives that describe qualities of the same subject or provides a reason for a subsequent action or state.

  • 高い (takai – expensive/tall) → 高くて (takakute)
  • 寒い (samui – cold) → 寒くて (samukute)
  • 忙しい (isogashii – busy) → 忙しくて (isogashikute)

Example:

  • このリンゴは赤くて、とても甘いです。(Kono ringo wa akakute, totemo amai desu.) – This apple is red and very sweet.
  • 今日は寒くて、出かけたくありません。(Kyou wa samukute, dekaketaku arimasen.) – Today is cold, so I don’t want to go out.

な形容詞 (Na-adjectives) & 名詞 (Nouns): 語幹 + で

For na-adjectives (which often appear with 「な」 when modifying nouns) and nouns, you add 「で」 after the stem (or after the noun itself). This form also connects multiple attributes or gives a reason.

  • 静か (shizuka – quiet) → 静かで (shizuka de)
  • 便利 (benri – convenient) → 便利で (benri de)
  • 学生 (gakusei – student) → 学生で (gakusei de)

Example:

  • この町は静かで、住みやすいです。(Kono machi wa shizuka de, sumiyasui desu.) – This town is quiet and easy to live in.
  • 彼はハンサムで、頭もいいです。(Kare wa hansamu de, atama mo ii desu.) – He is handsome and smart too.
  • 田中さんは医者で、親切な人です。(Tanaka-san wa isha de, shinsetsu na hito desu.) – Mr. Tanaka is a doctor and a kind person.

Negative Forms:

  • い形容詞: 楽しくない → 楽しくなくて
  • な形容詞: 静かじゃない → 静かじゃなくて

2. Vてから (Verb て-form + から)

The 「Vてから」 (verb て-form + から) grammar pattern is used to express that one action or event occurs after another, indicating a clear sequence in time. It literally means “after doing X, then Y”. The first action must be fully completed before the second action begins.

Formation: Verb て-form + から

  • 食べる (taberu – to eat) → 食べてから (tabete kara)
  • 読む (yomu – to read) → 読んでから (yonde kara)
  • 勉強する (benkyou suru – to study) → 勉強してから (benkyou shite kara)

Example:

  • ご飯を食べてから、歯を磨きます。(Gohan o tabete kara, ha o migakimasu.) – After eating a meal, I brush my teeth.
  • 宿題をしてから、遊びに行きました。(Shukudai o shite kara, asobi ni ikimashita.) – After doing my homework, I went to play.
  • シャワーを浴びてから、寝ます。(Shawaa o abite kara, nemasu.) – After taking a shower, I will sleep.

This structure emphasizes the completion of the first action as a prerequisite or preceding event for the second. It’s crucial for describing sequences in narratives or instructions.

Quick Revision List:

  • い形容詞接続: い → くて (e.g., 忙しい → 忙しくて) – Connects adjectives, provides reason.
  • な形容詞・名詞接続: (な) → で (e.g., 元気な → 元気で; 医者 → 医者で) – Connects adjectives/nouns, provides reason.
  • Vてから: Verb て-form + から (e.g., 勉強する → 勉強してから) – Indicates sequential actions (“after X, then Y”).

Practice Questions (演習問題):

  1. この映画は (つまらない) 、途中で寝てしまいました。
    A) つまらなくて B) つまらなくてから C) つまらないで D) つまらないく
    正解: A) つまらなくて
  2. 彼は (親切) 、いつも手伝ってくれます。
    A) 親切くて B) 親切で C) 親切から D) 親切に
    正解: B) 親切で
  3. 朝食を (食べる) 、学校へ行きます。
    A) 食べて B) 食べってから C) 食べてから D) 食べると
    正解: C) 食べてから
  4. 部屋は (広くて) 、 (明るい) です。
    A) 広いで、明るいで B) 広くて、明るいで C) 広くて、明るくて D) 広く、明るい
    正解: C) 広くて、明るくて
  5. このカバンは (小さくない) 、何も入りません。
    A) 小さなくて B) 小さくてから C) 小さくなくて D) 小さいなくて
    正解: C) 小さくなくて

By regularly reviewing these patterns and practicing with various examples, you will gain confidence in using them correctly in your Japanese communication.

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