Budding in Yeast and Hydra (Slide Study) MCQs Quiz | Class 10

This quiz on Budding in Yeast and Hydra (Slide Study) is designed for Class X Science (Code 086) students, covering Unit II (Practicals). It focuses on the identification and key features of these asexual reproduction methods. Test your knowledge, then review your answers and download a detailed PDF answer sheet.

Understanding Budding in Yeast and Hydra

Budding is a common method of asexual reproduction observed in both unicellular and multicellular organisms. It involves the formation of a new organism from an outgrowth or a bud due to cell division at one particular site. This process allows for rapid multiplication without the need for gametes or sexual fusion. Studying budding in organisms like Yeast and Hydra under a microscope provides excellent insight into this fundamental biological process.

Key Features of Budding

  • It is a form of asexual reproduction, meaning a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to itself.
  • A small outgrowth, or bud, develops on the parent body.
  • The bud grows and eventually detaches to form a new independent individual, or in some cases, remains attached to form a colony.
  • Cell division, typically mitosis, is involved in the formation and growth of the bud.

Budding in Yeast (Unicellular Organism)

Yeast are single-celled fungi commonly known for their role in fermentation. Budding in yeast is a relatively simple process:

  1. An outgrowth appears on the parent yeast cell wall. This is the initial bud.
  2. The nucleus of the parent cell divides mitotically, and one of the daughter nuclei migrates into the bud.
  3. The bud continues to grow, eventually detaching from the parent cell to live independently.
  4. Sometimes, if conditions are favorable, buds may not detach and can form a chain of cells resembling a pseudohypha.

Identification on a slide: Under a microscope, yeast cells appear oval-shaped. You can identify budding yeast by observing smaller, spherical or oval outgrowths (buds) pinching off from the surface of the larger parent cells. Chains of yeast cells, where multiple buds remain attached, are also characteristic.

Budding in Hydra (Multicellular Organism)

Hydra is a freshwater polyp, a simple multicellular invertebrate belonging to the phylum Cnidaria. Its budding process is more complex than in yeast:

  1. A small bulge or outgrowth develops on the side of the parent Hydra’s body wall due to repeated cell division.
  2. This bud gradually grows, developing a mouth and tentacles at its free end, resembling a miniature version of the parent.
  3. The bud receives nutrients from the parent until it is fully developed.
  4. Once mature and capable of independent existence, the bud detaches from the parent Hydra.

Identification on a slide: A slide of Hydra showing budding will display a larger parent Hydra with a smaller, developing outgrowth on its side. This outgrowth will typically show rudimentary or fully formed tentacles and a mouth, clearly indicating a new individual forming directly from the parent’s body wall.

Comparative Summary: Yeast vs. Hydra

Feature Budding in Yeast Budding in Hydra
Organism Type Unicellular fungus Multicellular invertebrate
Complexity of Bud Simple cytoplasmic outgrowth with nucleus Miniature complete organism with organs (mouth, tentacles)
Parent-offspring relationship Bud may detach or form chain Bud detaches when mature and self-sufficient
Microscopic identification Oval cells with small daughter cells pinching off; chains may form Parent body with a smaller, developing outgrowth with tentacles and mouth

Quick Revision Points

  • Budding is an asexual reproduction method.
  • Yeast are unicellular organisms that bud.
  • Hydra are multicellular organisms that bud.
  • Yeast buds are simple cellular outgrowths.
  • Hydra buds develop into miniature organisms before detaching.
  • Microscopic identification focuses on characteristic outgrowths and their development.

Extra Practice Questions

  1. A student observes a slide with organisms forming long chains of cells, where each cell in the chain appears to have originated from a smaller bulge on its predecessor. Which organism is most likely being observed?
  2. In which organism does the bud develop specialized structures like tentacles before detaching from the parent?
  3. Is budding in yeast an example of cellular budding or tissue budding? Explain your answer.
  4. What is the primary genetic similarity between the parent and the bud formed through asexual reproduction?
  5. Imagine you are observing a budding Hydra. What key features would confirm it is indeed a bud and not just a growth or injury?